Since fetal alcohol syndrome was first defined in North America in the 1970s, researchers have been working to determine prevalence rates of the disability. Now referred to in Canada as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), the social, health, and economic impacts of FASD for families and communities are profound, thus understanding its scope is critical. Over the years, researchers have used various methodologies in a range of geographical regions and populations around the world in their efforts to establish prevalence rates. Because of these differing approaches, FASD prevalence findings have not always been consistent.

The purpose of this issue paper is to share the most up-to-date findings of FASD prevalence research and provide clarity around the question “How many people have FASD?”

The purpose of this gap analysis is to describe the interconnections between human trafficking and prenatal alcohol use, and to provide research, policy, and practice recommendations to support survivor centric FASD prevention efforts.

Nutrition is an important aspect of a healthy pregnancy. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy increases the risk of nutritional deficiencies and thus vitamin, mineral and essential nutrient supplements may be beneficial. Emerging evidence suggests that the use of certain micronutrient supplements during pregnancy, such as folic acid and choline, may mitigate some effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. While more research is needed to better understand the potential of folic acid and choline supplementation to lessen the teratogenicity of alcohol use during pregnancy and thus improve infant and child outcomes, this issue paper highlights what is known and the role of nutrition in healthy pregnancies, FASD prevention, and improving health equity for women and gender diverse people who use substances during pregnancy.